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Most vegetables need 12 inches of soil depth. Root vegetables like carrots need 18-24 inches. Herbs and lettuce can grow in as little as 6-8 inches.

A 4x8 foot raised bed at 12 inches deep needs about 32 cubic feet of soil, which is roughly 32 standard 1 cubic foot bags or about 1.2 cubic yards of bulk soil.

A classic mix is 60% topsoil, 30% compost, and 10% perlite or vermiculite. For square foot gardening, use equal parts peat moss, vermiculite, and compost (Mel's Mix).

Bulk delivery is almost always cheaper for beds larger than 4x4 feet. A cubic yard of bulk soil costs $30-55, while the same volume in bags costs $80-150.

Soil weighs approximately 75 lbs per cubic foot when moist. A 4x8x1ft bed holds about 32 cubic feet of soil, weighing roughly 2,400 lbs (1.2 tons).

Yes. Filling the bottom third of a deep bed with logs, branches, and leaves reduces soil needed by 30% and improves long-term fertility as the wood decomposes.